基于居群观测的木鱼坪淫羊藿复合种形态比较和分类学启示

基于"居群"概念,对木鱼坪淫羊藿复合种(Epimedium franchetii species complex)进行了系统的标本查阅,并于花期对该复合种9个居群的野外形态进行了观测和比较研究。结果显示,竹山淫羊藿(E.zhushanense K.F.Wu et S.X.Qian)花瓣为紫红色,易于与其它物种区分;时珍淫羊藿(E.lishihchenii Stearn)在模式产地(江西庐山)的JXLS居群中有1/5的个体根茎为结节状(并非像模式种一样根茎细长),其叶背被毛细长的性状较稳定,且与木鱼坪淫羊藿(E.franchetii Stearn)叶背被粗短伏毛的性状区别明显;JXJA居群(江西靖安)地理分布靠近江西庐山,叶背被毛也与时珍淫羊藿类似,但其典型的粗壮根茎则与木鱼坪淫羊藿一致,因此将其处理为木鱼坪淫羊藿-时珍淫羊藿过渡类型;保靖淫羊藿(E.baojingense Q.L.Chen et B.M.Yang)与木鱼坪淫羊藿主要区别在于前者小叶柄、叶柄、茎和节部密被柔毛,尤以节部明显,叶背被细长毛,而木鱼坪淫羊藿小叶柄、叶柄、茎和节部均光滑,叶背被粗短伏毛;HBFX居群(湖北房县)和HBMP居群(湖北神农架)小叶柄、叶柄、茎、节部和叶背均疏被毛,被毛特征介于木鱼坪淫羊藿和保靖淫羊藿之间,因此将HBFX和HBMP居群处理为木鱼坪淫羊藿-保靖淫羊藿过渡类型。聚类分析结果表明,9个居群可划分为3类,竹山淫羊藿与其它类群种间界限明显,建议将其从木鱼坪淫羊藿复合种中分离出来;木鱼坪淫羊藿与时珍淫羊藿和保靖淫羊藿的关系复杂;保靖淫羊藿与木鱼坪淫羊藿主要是被毛上的差异,地理上存在同域分布,推测其为微生境导致的生态宗,将其处理为木鱼坪淫羊藿的变种;时珍淫羊藿与木鱼坪淫羊藿地理分布相对隔离,是由地理隔离引起的地理宗,将其处理为木鱼坪淫羊藿亚种。     

Spatial and temporal relation rule acquisition of eutrophication in Da’ning River based on rough set theory

Since the mechanisms of eutrophication are complicated and many other factors affect these mechanisms, methods such as quantitative statistics and numerical simulation, have their limitations in analyzing the spatiotemporal relations of eutrophication. The rough set theory (RST) was used to describe the spatiotemporal relations of eutrophication in Da’ning River without any of other prior knowledge. Rules of relations in time and space affecting eutrophication in the Da’ning River backwater area were extracted by taking representation of relations in time and space among eutrophication at a long river section of Da’ning River backwater area, by taking nine sets of encrypted monitoring data in 2003 as example, and by making season, area and eutrophication level as the decision attributes, respectively, to represent specific features of the eutrophication phenomenon in the Da’ning River backwater area from the points of view of time, space, and level by analysis of spatiotemporal relationship rules. This study result shows that the temporal and spatial differences between eutrophication phenomena in the long river section of the Da’ning River backwater area are significant. Eutrophication for each section is less serious in autumn, more in spring and most in summer. Eutrophication degree gradually decreases from estuary to upstream, which is in conformity with reality. The RST of eutrophication in Da’ning River may inform environmental decision-makers and assist them in making more cost-effective decisions.     

Structure‐based classification of FAD binding sites: A comparative study of structural alignment tools

A total of six different structural alignment tools (TM‐Align, TriangleMatch, CLICK, ProBis, SiteEngine and GA‐SI) were assessed for their ability to perform two particular tasks: (i) discriminating FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) from non‐FAD binding sites, and (ii) performing an all‐to‐all comparison on a set of 883 FAD binding sites for the purpose of classifying them. For the first task, the consistency of each alignment method was evaluated, showing that every method is able to distinguish FAD and non‐FAD binding sites with a high Matthews correlation coefficient. Additionally, GA‐SI was found to provide alignments different from those of the other approaches. The results obtained for the second task revealed more significant differences among alignment methods, as reflected in the poor correlation of their results and highlighted clearly by the independent evaluation of the structural superimpositions generated by each method. The classification itself was performed using the combined results of all methods, using the best result found for each comparison of binding sites. A number of different clustering methods (Single‐linkage, UPGMA, Complete‐linkage, SPICKER and k‐Means clustering) were also used. The groups of similar binding sites (proteins) or clusters generated by the best performing method were further analyzed in terms of local sequence identity, local structural similarity and conservation of analogous contacts with the FAD ligands. Each of the clusters was characterized by a unique set of structural features or patterns, demonstrating that the groups generated truly reflect the structural diversity of FAD binding sites. Proteins 2016; 84:1728–1747. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

2015 年江苏省医药产业发展报告

江苏省作为传统医药大省,是全国医药产业发展的重要组成部分。通过资料查询,从产业规模与体系、研发创新、产业潜能、人 才队伍、科研机构和专利发明等多方位,分析江苏省医药产业发展现状,并与其他医药产业重点省份进行比较,揭示目前全省医药产业 发展中的主要问题所在,为全省医药产业健康发展建言献策。     

城市绿化对空气质量的影响研究——以中国27个省会城市为例

城市间绿化程度与空气污染比较及相关差异分析是提出城市环境管理措施的重要前提。选择全国27个主要省会城市,基于网络街景照片测定绿色指数差异,对比空气主要质量指标[空气质量指数(AQI)、细颗粒物(PM_2.5)、可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)、二氧化硫(SO_2)、二氧化氮(NO_2)、臭氧(O_3)、一氧化碳(CO)]的基础上,探讨了二者相关关系,旨在为提升环境质量、改善绿化水平提供基础数据。结果表明:(1)济南市和重庆市的绿色指数最高,分别达到是11.70%和11.55%,呼和浩特市和拉萨市城市绿色指数最低,在4%～5%。(2)海口市的空气质量最好,AQI为39.66,郑州市和济南市的空气质量最差,AQI年均值分别为117.34和113.93。但是不同空气指标城市排序间差异较大,比如PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO_2以及SO_2年平均最低的城市都是海口,拉萨市年平均CO含量最低(0.55 mg·m^-3),哈尔滨市年平均O_3含量最低(77.08μg·m^-3)。(3)相关关系分析发现,增加城市的绿色程度,伴随着空气质量的改善,如沈阳、南宁、合肥等城市;但对于某些城市,则存在明显的正相关,如兰州、昆明、贵阳等城市,这意味着城市越绿伴随着空气污染的加重。尽管大量研究已经表明,城市绿色植被能够起到滞尘降低污染的作用,目前我国主要城市的空气污染程度,仅依靠城市绿化改善已经远远不够,甚至某一些城市绿色植被存在阻碍空气流通的作用。上述研究结果为科学规划城市绿化、提升空气质量提供基础数据支撑。     

湖北省九华山林场不同树种配置杉阔混交林林分空间结构特征分析

以三种(杉木+少量栎类、杉木+栎类+光皮桦、杉木+栎类+光皮桦+马尾松)不同树种配置的杉阔混交林为研究对象,计算了角尺度、大小比数、混交度三个林分空间结构指标,全面分析了湖北省九华山林场不同树种配置杉阔混交防护林林分空间结构特征,结果表明:优势树种主要有杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.)、栎类(Quercus L.)及光皮桦(Betula luminifera)三种,并有少量马尾松(Pinus massoniana)散生于林内,生长优势也较弱。不同树种配置所呈现的林分空间结构也不相同。树种配置Ⅰ(杉木+少量栎类)的角尺度平均值为0.42,大小比数平均值为0.31,混交度平均值为0.18,林木空间分布格局和生长优势度均较好,但混交程度较弱,近乎杉木纯林,对应的生物多样性也会较小。树种配置Ⅱ(杉木+栎类+光皮桦)的角尺度平均值为0.5,大小比数平均值0.32,混交度平均数0.48,空间分布格局整体呈现随机分布;林木主要处于亚优势生长状态,混交度以中度-强度混交为主;而树种配置Ⅲ(杉木+栎类+光皮桦+马尾松)的角尺度平均值为0.58,大小比数平均值0.51,混交度平均数0.54,林木空间格局呈现聚集分布,生长优势水平中庸,为中度混交。全面分析林分空间结构,可以明确林分空间结构中存在的不合理情况,为合理择伐以及近自然经营提供科学依据,使该地区的杉阔混交林的多种功能得到可持续发挥。     

单细胞全基因组扩增技术与应用

同一组织中的细胞往往具有类似的结构和功能,然而通过对单个细胞进行测序分析后,发现每个细胞都具有一定异质性.单细胞全基因组扩增技术是进行单细胞测序的前提,该技术可用于揭示单细胞基因组结构差异,同时在肿瘤研究、发育生物学、微生物学等研究中发挥重要作用,并成为生命科学研究技术的热点之一.单细胞全基因组扩增技术的难点在于单细胞的分离和全基因组的扩增.本文介绍了单细胞全基因组扩增技术中常用的单细胞分离技术和单细胞全基因组扩增技术,并对各技术间的优缺点进行比较,同时着重讨论该技术在肿瘤研究、发育生物学和微生物学研究中的应用.